Spanning a vast timeline from the Paleolithic era to the present day, the primary focus is to foster debate and research aimed at highlighting “material culture”—specifically the study of materials and artifacts often deemed marginal, such as ivory, gemstones, coral, metals, numismatic items, pigments, and perfumes—by analyzing their profound impact on the artistic, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions of societies. The scope of inquiry has extended to the historical and natural phenomena that shaped cultural heritage, ranging from the dynamism of ancient trade routes to medieval urban evolution. In recent years, particular attention has been devoted to the preservation and study of underwater and coastal cultural heritage.